{"id":70135,"date":"2024-03-08T09:10:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-08T06:10:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.mavikadin.com\/?p=70135"},"modified":"2024-09-17T03:33:29","modified_gmt":"2024-09-17T00:33:29","slug":"dunyaya-yon-veren-20-kadin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/dunyaya-yon-veren-20-kadin\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fcnyaya y\u00f6n veren 20 kad\u0131n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kad\u0131nlar, d\u00fcnya tarihinin bir\u00e7ok alan\u0131nda etkili olmu\u015f ve d\u00fcnyaya y\u00f6n vermi\u015flerdir. Bilimden sanata, siyasetten edebiyata hemen her alanda ismi duyulan ya da duyulmayan bir\u00e7ok kad\u0131n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n gidi\u015fat\u0131nda rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. BCC History Dergisi\u2019nde se\u00e7ilen d\u00fcnyay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiren 20 kad\u0131n ve icraatlar\u0131n\u0131 Mavi Kad\u0131n edit\u00f6r\u00fc derledi.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130nsan\u0131n var olma &ccedil;abas\u0131, medenile\u015fmesi, de\u011fi\u015fen rejimler, ilerleyen bilim ve sanat, edebiyat, aile, siyaset ve dahas\u0131 bir&ccedil;ok alanda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n da d&uuml;nyay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiren g&uuml;&ccedil; olarak tarih sahnesine &ccedil;\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Peki d&uuml;nyada etkili olmu\u015f kad\u0131nlar kimler desek hangi isimler akla gelir? Tarihten ilham veren 20 kad\u0131n\u0131 BBC History Dergisi yay\u0131nlad\u0131. \u0130\u015fte d&uuml;nya atrihi &uuml;zerinde b&uuml;y&uuml;k etkilere sahip 20 kad\u0131n.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>1-&nbsp;MARIE CURIE, 1867&ndash;1934<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-content\/images\/haberler\/24-03\/08\/1marie-curie.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><strong>Marie Curie. (Foto\u011fraf: Bettmann\/)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Marie Curie d&uuml;nyay\u0131 bir de\u011fil iki kez de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Yeni radyoaktivite bilimini kurdu (bu kelime bile kendisi taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi) ve ke\u015fifleri kansere kar\u015f\u0131 etkili tedavilerin yolunu a&ccedil;t\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Polonya do\u011fumlu Frans\u0131z bilim insan\u0131n\u0131 aday g&ouml;steren \u0130ngiliz Bilim Tarihi Derne\u011fi ba\u015fkan\u0131 Patricia Fara, &#8220;Curie&#8217;nin ola\u011fan&uuml;st&uuml; ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131yla &ouml;v&uuml;n&uuml;lmeli. O, Nobel &Ouml;d&uuml;l&uuml;&#8217;n&uuml; kazanan ilk kad\u0131nd\u0131, Paris &Uuml;niversitesi&#8217;ndeki ilk kad\u0131n profes&ouml;rd&uuml; ve ikinci Nobel &Ouml;d&uuml;l&uuml;&#8217;n&uuml; kazanan ilk ki\u015fiydi&#8221; dedi.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>2-&nbsp;ADA LOVELACE, 1815&ndash;52<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-content\/images\/haberler\/24-03\/08\/2ada-lovelace.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><em><strong>Foto\u011fraf: James Essinger, Ada Lovelace&#8217;in &#8220;bilgisayarlar\u0131n potansiyeline dair e\u015fsiz ve ileri bir g&ouml;r&uuml;\u015f&uuml; vard\u0131&#8221; diyor.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Yetenekli bir matematik&ccedil;i olan Ada Lovelace, o zamandan beri i\u015f d&uuml;nyas\u0131n\u0131, hayatlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve d&uuml;nyay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiren bir end&uuml;stri olan ilk bilgisayar programc\u0131s\u0131 olarak kabul ediliyor. Hala erkeklerin egemen oldu\u011fu bu sekt&ouml;rde, ilk programc\u0131n\u0131n kad\u0131n olmas\u0131 &ouml;zellikle dikkat &ccedil;ekicidir.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>3-&nbsp; ROSALIND FRANKLIN, 1920&ndash;58<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-content\/images\/haberler\/24-03\/08\/3rosalind-franklin.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><em><strong>Rosalind Franklin. (Foto\u011fraf: Donaldson Koleksiyonu\/Michael Ochs Ar\u015fivleri)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>DNA&#8217;n\u0131n &ccedil;ift sarmal yap\u0131s\u0131 ke\u015ffedildi\u011finde bilim insanlar\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131n s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131 &ccedil;&ouml;zd&uuml;klerini iddia ettiler. En &ouml;nemli kan\u0131t, uzman kristalograf Rosalind Franklin taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011fland\u0131. &Uuml;nl&uuml; &#8220;Foto 51&#8221; adl\u0131 foto\u011fraf bilim tarihinin belki de en &ouml;nemli resimlerindendir. Karanl\u0131k noktalardan olu\u015fan bir X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 resmi, gizli bir molek&uuml;ler spiralin imza g&ouml;r&uuml;nt&uuml;s&uuml;d&uuml;r. Hames Watson, Rosalind Franklin&rsquo;in &ccedil;ekti\u011fi bu X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131 g&ouml;rd&uuml;\u011f&uuml; an\u0131, &ldquo;&Ccedil;enem d&uuml;\u015ft&uuml; gibi hissettim, nabz\u0131m atmaya ba\u015flad\u0131, inanamad\u0131m&rdquo; diye an\u0131ms\u0131yor. \u0130lk bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu fig&uuml;r&uuml;n ne oldu\u011funu &ccedil;\u0131karmak biraz hayal g&uuml;c&uuml; istiyor, ama i\u015fte &ldquo;ya\u015fam\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131na a&ccedil;\u0131lan pencere.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p>Bunu takip eden y\u0131llarda ise kal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n kimyasal temellerinin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olan &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmalar ger&ccedil;ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Bu &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, insan genomunun haritaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, t&uuml;p bebekler ve genetik m&uuml;hendisli\u011fine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmu\u015ftur.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>4- MARGARET THATCHER, 1925&ndash;2013<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-content\/images\/haberler\/24-03\/08\/4margaret-thatcher.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p>Margaret Thatcher, \u0130ngiltere&#8217;nin siyasi uyumsuzluk ve ekonomik durgunlukla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fu, &uuml;lke tarihinin istikrars\u0131z bir d&ouml;neminde iktidara gelen ilk kad\u0131n ba\u015fbakan\u0131yd\u0131.1982 Falkland Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Kuzey \u0130rlanda&#8217;daki &ccedil;at\u0131\u015fma da dahil olmak &uuml;zere daha sonraki askeri ve siyasi denemeleri onun etkili kariyerinin bug&uuml;nk&uuml; tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131nda rol oynad\u0131.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>5- MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT, 1759&ndash;97<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-content\/images\/haberler\/24-03\/08\/5mary-wollstonecraf.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><em><strong>Mary Wollstonecraft. (Foto\u011fraf: The Print Collector)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0130ngiliz yazar ve filozof Mary Wollstonecraft, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n e\u011fitimini ve &ouml;zg&uuml;rle\u015fmesini savundu. Kad\u0131n Haklar\u0131n\u0131n Savunmas\u0131 adl\u0131 kitab\u0131 1792&#8217;de yay\u0131nland\u0131 ve bug&uuml;n modern feminizmin temel metinlerinden biri olarak g&ouml;r&uuml;l&uuml;yor. Frans\u0131z Devrimi&#8217;nin arka plan\u0131nda yaz\u0131lan kitap, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n erkeklerle e\u015fitli\u011fini savunuyordu.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>6- FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE, 1820&ndash;1910&emsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-content\/images\/haberler\/24-03\/08\/7florence-nightingale.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><em><strong>Florence Nightingale. (Foto\u011fraf: London Stereoskopik \u015eirketi)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Florence Nightingale, \u0130ngiltere ile Rusya aras\u0131nda (1853-56) ya\u015fanan K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz askeri hem\u015firelerinden olu\u015fan ilk resmi ekibi T&uuml;rkiye&#8217;ye g&ouml;t&uuml;rd&uuml;.<\/p>\n<p>Bu &ccedil;at\u0131\u015fmada askerler yaralanmalardan daha ziyade hastal\u0131ktan &ouml;ld&uuml;. Nightingale hastalarla ilgilenmenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, ordu sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerine &ouml;nlenebilir &ouml;l&uuml;mlerin nas\u0131l azalt\u0131labilece\u011fi konusunda rapor verdi. Yaral\u0131 ve hastalarla ilgilenirken yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gece turlar\u0131 nedeniyle &#8216;Lambal\u0131 Kad\u0131n&#8217; lakab\u0131n\u0131 alan Nightingale, sava\u015ftan sonra da &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na devam etti. Kal\u0131c\u0131 bir askeri hem\u015firelik servisinin kurulmas\u0131na ve ordunun t\u0131bbi hizmetlerinde iyile\u015ftirmelerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na vesile oldu.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>7-&nbsp;JANE AUSTEN, 1775&ndash;1817<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-content\/images\/haberler\/24-03\/08\/6jane-austene.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Jane Austen. Ar\u015fiv.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Britanya tarihinin en &uuml;nl&uuml; isimlerinden biri olan Jane Austen&#8217;in romanlar\u0131 edebiyatta sansasyona neden oldu. &Ccedil;o\u011funlukla evlili\u011fi, stat&uuml;y&uuml; ve sosyal duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 irdeleyen olay &ouml;rg&uuml;lerini kendine &ouml;zg&uuml; bir ironiyle birle\u015ftiren eserleri bir&ccedil;ok kez oyun, film ve dizilere uyarland\u0131.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>8-&nbsp;DIANA, GALLER PRENSES\u0130, 1961&ndash;97<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-content\/images\/haberler\/24-03\/08\/8diana-galler-prensesi.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><em><strong>Prenses Diana. (Foto\u011fraf: Tim Graham)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>1981 y\u0131l\u0131nda Diana Spencer, Britanya taht\u0131n\u0131n varisi Galler Prensi Charles&#8217;\u0131n ilk e\u015fi oldu. D&uuml;\u011f&uuml;nleri d&uuml;nya &ccedil;ap\u0131nda 700 milyondan fazla izleyiciye ula\u015ft\u0131. 1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda bo\u015fand\u0131ktan sonra bile medyan\u0131n ilgisini &ccedil;ekmeye devam etti. Prenses Diana, hasta &ccedil;ocuklara y&ouml;nelik hay\u0131r i\u015fleri, kara may\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131 ve fark\u0131ndal\u0131k olu\u015fturma &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile uluslararas\u0131 alanda tan\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>9- AMELIA EARHART, 1897&ndash;C1937<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-content\/images\/haberler\/24-03\/08\/9amelia-earhart.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><em><strong>Amelia Earhart. (Foto\u011fraf: Bettmann)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Amelia Earhart, 1921 y\u0131l\u0131nda 24 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken havac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131 ve ertesi y\u0131l 14 bin feete y&uuml;kselerek kad\u0131nlar irtifa rekorunu k\u0131rd\u0131. 1932&#8217;de Atlantik&#8217;i tek ba\u015f\u0131na ge&ccedil;en ilk kad\u0131n oldu. Sonraki be\u015f y\u0131l boyunca h\u0131z ve u&ccedil;u\u015f rekorlar\u0131 k\u0131rmaya devam etti.<\/p>\n<p>Haziran 1937&#8217;de d&uuml;nya &ccedil;ap\u0131nda bir u&ccedil;u\u015fa ba\u015flad\u0131 ve K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz&#8217;den Hindistan&#8217;a u&ccedil;an ilk ki\u015fi oldu. 2 Temmuz&#8217;da Pasifik&#8217;teki Howland Adas\u0131 yak\u0131n\u0131nda kayboldu\u011fu bildirildi. Earhart&#8217;\u0131n ortadan kaybolmas\u0131 tarihin &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;lmemi\u015f gizemlerinden biridir ve 1939&#8217;da g\u0131yaben &ouml;ld&uuml;\u011f&uuml; ilan edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>10- KRAL\u0130&Ccedil;E VICTORIA, 1819&ndash;1901<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-content\/images\/haberler\/24-03\/08\/10-kralice-victoria.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><em><strong>Krali&ccedil;e Viktorya. (Foto\u011fraf: Alexander Bassano\/Spencer Arnold)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Krali&ccedil;e Victoria, &ouml;l&uuml;m&uuml;n&uuml;n &uuml;zerinden bir as\u0131rdan fazla zaman ge&ccedil;mesine ra\u011fmen, say\u0131s\u0131z film ve TV dizisinde canland\u0131r\u0131lan, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k&#8217;\u0131n en ikonik h&uuml;k&uuml;mdarlar\u0131ndan biri olmaya devam ediyor.1837 y\u0131l\u0131nda ta&ccedil; giydikten sonra, dikkate de\u011fer bir sosyal, teknolojik ve ekonomik de\u011fi\u015fim d&ouml;neminde ulusunu ve imparatorlu\u011funu y&ouml;netti.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>11-&nbsp;KLEOPATRA, M&Ouml; 69-M&Ouml; 30, MISIR F\u0130RAVUNU<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-content\/images\/haberler\/24-03\/08\/11kleopatra.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><em>Kleopatra. (Foto\u011fraf: DEA Resim K&uuml;t&uuml;phanesi\/De Agostini)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>M\u0131s\u0131r&#8217;\u0131n Ptolemaios hanedan\u0131n\u0131n son h&uuml;k&uuml;mdar\u0131 olan Kleopatra, tasvirlerindeki g&uuml;zelli\u011finden daha fazla bir isimdi. Siyasi a&ccedil;\u0131dan m&uuml;thi\u015f zeki bir h&uuml;k&uuml;mdar olarak bir&ccedil;ok cephede zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalan bir krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n y&ouml;netimine do\u011frudan dahil oldu.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>12-GRACE HOPPER, 1906-92, B\u0130LG\u0130SAYAR B\u0130L\u0130MC\u0130S\u0130<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-content\/images\/haberler\/24-03\/08\/12grace-hopper.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><em><strong>Grace Hopper. (Foto\u011fraf: Bettmann)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Elektronik bilgisayarlar toplumda devrim yaratmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Grace Hopper &ouml;nde gelen oyunculardan biriydi ve 1934&#8217;te Yale &Uuml;niversitesi&#8217;nden matematik alan\u0131nda doktora derecesi alan ilk kad\u0131n olmu\u015ftu. Hopper, &ouml;nce Harvard&#8217;da, ard\u0131ndan ABD Donanmas\u0131&#8217;nda, ilk bilgisayarlar ve daha sonra askeri bir yenili\u011fin i\u015f d&uuml;nyas\u0131n\u0131 d&ouml;n&uuml;\u015ft&uuml;rmesini sa\u011flayan ticari programlama dili olan COBOL&#8217;un geli\u015ftirilmesinde &ouml;nemli rol oynad\u0131.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>13-&nbsp;HYPATIA, C355-415, ANT\u0130K YUNAN F\u0130LOZOFU<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-content\/images\/haberler\/24-03\/08\/13hypatia.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><em><strong>Hypatia. (Foto\u011fraf: Bettmann)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Hypatia, \u0130skenderiyeli bir matematik&ccedil;i, g&ouml;kbilimci ve filozoftu. MS 415&#8217;te &ouml;ld&uuml;r&uuml;lmesi onun Ayd\u0131nlanma d&ouml;neminde felsefe alan\u0131nda kutsanmas\u0131na yol a&ccedil;m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hypatia, hayat\u0131 ve &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda olduk&ccedil;a detayl\u0131 bilgiye sahip oldu\u011fumuz ilk kad\u0131n matematik&ccedil;idir.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>14-LISE MEITNER, 1878-1968, AVUSTURYALI F\u0130Z\u0130K&Ccedil;\u0130<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-content\/images\/haberler\/24-03\/08\/14lise-meitner.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><strong><em>Lise<\/em><\/strong> <em><strong>Meitner. (Foto\u011fraf: ullstein bild\/ullstein bild)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Avusturya do\u011fumlu fizik&ccedil;i Lise Meitner, Yahudi bir kad\u0131n olarak Nazi Almanyas\u0131&#8217;ndaki bilimsel kariyeri boyunca iki kat dezavantajl\u0131 durumdayd\u0131. 1938&#8217;de \u0130sve&ccedil;&#8217;e ka&ccedil;t\u0131ktan sonra, birlikte planlad\u0131klar\u0131 deneyler beklenmedik sonu&ccedil;lar do\u011furunca ara\u015ft\u0131rma arkada\u015f\u0131ndan yard\u0131m talebinde bulundu. Birka&ccedil; g&uuml;n sonra sorunu &ccedil;&ouml;zd&uuml; fakat fark\u0131nda olmadan bir uranyum atomunun par&ccedil;alanmas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. 1945&#8217;e gelindi\u011finde teorik sonu&ccedil;lar\u0131 atom bombas\u0131nda pratik olarak hayata ge&ccedil;irildi.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>15- COCO CHANEL, 1883-1971, FRANSIZ MODA TASARIMCISI<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-content\/images\/haberler\/24-03\/08\/15coco-chanel.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Coco Chanel. (Foto\u011fraf: Horst P. Horst\/Cond&eacute; Nast)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Coco Chanel, Fransa&#8217;da zorlu, g&ouml;&ccedil;ebe bir &ccedil;ocukluktan &ccedil;\u0131kt\u0131 ve kendi ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan markas\u0131 moda, m&uuml;cevher ve parf&uuml;m&uuml; kapsayan uluslararas\u0131 &uuml;ne sahip olan bir tasar\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. Kad\u0131n modas\u0131na olan &ouml;nemi ve katk\u0131lar\u0131, \u0130kinci D&uuml;nya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Alman istihbarat operasyonlar\u0131yla \u015f&uuml;pheli i\u015fbirli\u011fi nedeniyle a&ccedil;\u0131klamas\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131k hale gelmi\u015ftir.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>16- NELLIE BLY, 1864-1922, &Ouml;NC&Uuml; GAZETEC\u0130<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-content\/images\/haberler\/24-03\/08\/14nellie-bly.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/strong><em><strong>Nellie Bly. (Foto\u011fraf: Bettmann)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Kad\u0131n gazetecilerin bah&ccedil;\u0131vanl\u0131k veya moda gibi ev i&ccedil;i konular hakk\u0131nda yazma e\u011filiminde oldu\u011fu bir d&ouml;nemde Nellie Bly, yoksullar ve ezilenler hakk\u0131nda &ccedil;arp\u0131c\u0131 hikayeler yazd\u0131. 1886-87&#8217;de birka&ccedil; ay boyunca Meksika&#8217;da seyahat ederek resmi yolsuzluklar ve yoksullar\u0131n durumu hakk\u0131nda haber yapt\u0131. Bu s\u0131rada ba\u015fka bir soru\u015fturmada ak\u0131l hastanelerindeki ko\u015fullar\u0131 a&ccedil;\u0131\u011fa &ccedil;\u0131karmak i&ccedil;in deli taklidi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g&ouml;r&uuml;ld&uuml;. Bly&#8217;\u0131n gazetecilik \u015f&ouml;hreti, onu Jules Verne&#8217;den ilham alan D&uuml;nya &Ccedil;ap\u0131nda 80 G&uuml;n ile d&uuml;nyay\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na dola\u015fmaya y&ouml;neltti. Yar\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 72 g&uuml;n, 6 saat, 11 dakika ve 14 saniyede tamamlayarak yeni bir d&uuml;nya rekoru k\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>17-&nbsp;ZORA NEALE HURSTON, 1891-1960, AFR\u0130KALI-AMER\u0130KALI YAZAR<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-content\/images\/haberler\/24-03\/08\/16zora-neale-hurston.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><em><strong>Zora Neale Hurston. (Foto\u011fraf: &copy; CORBIS\/Corbis)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Zora Neale Hurston&#8217;un &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Amerika&#8217;n\u0131n g&uuml;neyindeki ya\u015fam\u0131, &ouml;zellikle de 20. y&uuml;zy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda tan\u0131k oldu\u011fu ve deneyimledi\u011fi \u0131rk ve cinsiyet m&uuml;cadelelerini anlat\u0131yor. Bir antropolog olarak kariyerinin, Kuzey Amerika folkloru ve Karayipler&#8217;deki rit&uuml;el faaliyetlere ili\u015fkin &ccedil;al\u0131\u015fmalara da &ouml;nemli katk\u0131larda bulundu\u011funu g&ouml;rd&uuml;.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>18-&nbsp;INDIRA GANDHI, 1917-84, H\u0130ND\u0130STAN BA\u015eBAKANI<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-content\/images\/haberler\/24-03\/08\/17indira-gandhi.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><em><strong>Indira Gandhi. (Foto\u011fraf: Bettmann)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Indira Ganhdi, Hindistan&#8217;\u0131n bug&uuml;ne kadarki ilk ve tek kad\u0131n ba\u015fbakan\u0131yd\u0131. Siyasi &ccedil;elikli\u011fi ve &ccedil;o\u011fu zaman tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 miras\u0131yla hat\u0131rlan\u0131yor. 1966&#8217;dan 1977&#8217;ye ve 1980&#8217;den kendi korumalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan suikasta u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1984&#8217;e kadar &uuml;lkeyi iki kez y&ouml;netti.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>19- MARYAM MIRZAKHANI, 1977-2017, \u0130RANLI MATEMAT\u0130K&Ccedil;\u0130<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-content\/images\/haberler\/24-03\/08\/19maryam-mirzakhani.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><strong><em>Meryem Mirzakhani. (Foto\u011fraf: Nezaket: Maryam Mirzakhani\/Corbis)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Meryem Mirzakhani &ouml;ld&uuml;\u011f&uuml;nde yaln\u0131zca 40 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131 ama Nobel &Ouml;d&uuml;l&uuml;&#8217;n&uuml;n matematik e\u015fde\u011feri olan, imrenilen Fields madalyas\u0131n\u0131 kazanan ilk kad\u0131n ve ilk \u0130ranl\u0131 olarak cinsiyet ve etnik k&ouml;ken normlar\u0131n\u0131 &ccedil;oktan a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Mirzakhani, her biri s&uuml;rekli olarak farkl\u0131 \u015fekillere d&ouml;n&uuml;\u015fen say\u0131s\u0131z bilardo masas\u0131 evreninin &ouml;zelliklerini hesaplayarak, geometrik hayal g&uuml;c&uuml;yle d&uuml;nyay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>20-&nbsp;MARIE VAN BRITTAN BROWN, 1922-99, \u0130LK CCTV&#8217;N\u0130N MUC\u0130D\u0130<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-content\/images\/haberler\/24-03\/08\/20marie-van-brittan-brown.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><strong><em>Marie Van Brittan Brown. (Foto\u011fraf: Walter Oleksy)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Big Brother&#8217;\u0131n Kapal\u0131 Devre Televizyon teknolojisi art\u0131k her yerde mevcut. Ancak Afrikal\u0131-Amerikal\u0131 hem\u015fire Marie van Brittan Brown bunu evdeki arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ve ailesini korumak i&ccedil;in icat etti. Polisin ihmali kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na u\u011frayan kad\u0131n, 1966&#8217;da &ouml;n kap\u0131da bulunan ki\u015finin g&ouml;r&uuml;nt&uuml;lerini TV ekran\u0131nda g&ouml;r&uuml;nt&uuml;leyebilecek hareketli bir kamera i&ccedil;in patent ba\u015fvurusunda bulundu.<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kad\u0131nlar, d\u00fcnya tarihinin bir\u00e7ok alan\u0131nda etkili olmu\u015f ve d\u00fcnyaya y\u00f6n vermi\u015flerdir. Bilimden sanata, siyasetten edebiyata hemen her alanda ismi duyulan ya da duyulmayan bir\u00e7ok kad\u0131n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n gidi\u015fat\u0131nda rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. BCC History Dergisi\u2019nde se\u00e7ilen d\u00fcnyay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiren 20 kad\u0131n ve icraatlar\u0131n\u0131 Mavi Kad\u0131n edit\u00f6r\u00fc derledi. \u0130nsan\u0131n var olma &ccedil;abas\u0131, medenile\u015fmesi, de\u011fi\u015fen rejimler, ilerleyen bilim ve sanat, edebiyat, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":70134,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[78],"tags":[1677,10719,49447,49446,10826,49448],"class_list":["post-70135","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yasam","tag-dunya","tag-guclu-kadinlar","tag-ilham-veren-kadinlar","tag-kadin-tarihi","tag-oncu-kadinlar","tag-tarihi-kadinlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70135"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70135"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70135\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70136,"href":"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70135\/revisions\/70136"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/70134"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70135"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tgrthaber.com\/mavikadin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}